Guide

How to calculate downtime allowed by an SLA

Turn an availability percentage into understandable downtime and verify contractual exclusions.

⌚ About 2 min read
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Turn an availability percentage into understandable downtime and verify contractual exclusions.

Before you start

Work on a copy or a controlled test when the change can affect production. Keep timestamps, screenshots and the previous configuration so the result can be compared.

Step by step

  1. Identify the SLA measurement period: month, quarter, or year.
  2. Calculate downtime fraction as one minus the SLA percentage.
  3. Multiply that fraction by the total duration of the period.
  4. Compare it with downtime measured by monitoring.
  5. Review exclusions such as maintenance, force majeure, dependencies, and uncovered windows.

Validation

Repeat the original test after the change and confirm that the expected service works without creating a new regression. Document the final state.

Technical deep dive

SLA: convert a percentage into minutes over the correct period

Technical checkpoints

  • Allowed downtime = total period × (1 - availability). The result depends directly on the contractual measurement period.
  • 99.9% per month is not equivalent to 99.9% measured annually for monthly incident handling.
  • Planned maintenance, force majeure or dependencies may be contractually excluded; technical calculation must reflect SLA rules.

30-day example

Over 30 days: 43,200 minutes. At 99.9%, theoretical maximum downtime is 43.2 minutes.

43,200 × (1 - 0.999) = 43.2 min
99.99% => 4.32 min

Topic-specific pitfalls

  • Rounding too early can create several minutes of error over a long period.
  • Monitoring and contract may define outage start/end differently.

How to validate

  • Measurement period, timezone, exclusions and data source are explicitly documented.
  • The calculation can be reproduced from raw monitoring timestamps.
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