IP Address

Simple definition

An IP address works much like a postal address: it helps network devices deliver data to the correct destination.

Technical definition

An IPv4 address is 32 bits long, whereas an IPv6 address is 128 bits long. An IP address identifies a network interface and is used with a network prefix to route packets. IPv4 addresses can be public or private, and may be assigned manually or dynamically through DHCP. IPv6 uses different address ranges and allocation methods.

What is an IP address used for?

It identifies network interfaces, helps route IP packets between networks, and supports network management and access-control rules.

Practical example

A laptop may receive the private IPv4 address 192.168.1.25 from DHCP. It communicates with its default gateway to reach services outside the local network.

Common problems

Related terms

Key takeaway: an IP address identifies a network interface, not necessarily a unique physical device. Actual configuration depends on the network and operating system.